Hillary Clinton Bio - Political Career Highlights

Hillary Clinton Bio - Political Career Highlights Hillary Clinton is a Democrat and the partys nominee for president of the United States in the 2016 election. Clinton is also one of the most polarizing figures in modern American politics. She is a former first lady who launched her own political career after leaving the White House. Her primary opponent for the Democratic presidential nomination in 2016 was U.S. Sen. Bernie Sanders of Vermont, a self-described Democratic socialist who drew large crowds after building a solid following among young voters.   If elected, Clinton  would be the first woman president in history.   Many progressive Democrats, however, were lukewarm toward her candidacy because they believed her to be too tied to Wall Street. And Republican Party leaders cheered her candidacy because they believed their nominee would easily beat a scandal-plagued candidate in a general election in which trust would become a major issue.   Related Story: Could Bill Clinton Serve As Hillarys Vice President? Here are some key facts about Hillary Clinton. Hillary Clintons Campaigns for President Clinton has run for the Democratic presidential nomination twice, once in 2008 and again in 2016. She lost the primary race in 2008 to Democratic U.S. Sen. Barack Obama, who went on to win the presidency that year by defeating the Republican nominee, U.S. Sen. John McCain. Clinton won 1,897 delegates in the 2008 Democratic presidential primaries, short of the 2,118 needed to win the nomination. Obama won 2,230 delegates. Related Story: Why the 2016 Democratic National Convention is Being Held in Philadelphia She was widely seen as the presumptive nominee even before the 2016 campaign began, and she lived up to those expectations in many of the early primaries, including her substantial victories on Super Tuesday of that year. Key Issues When she announcer her candidacy in April of 2015, Clinton made it clear that the biggest issue of her campaign would be the economy and helping the vanishing middle class. In a short video posted on the Internet by her campaign that month, Clinton said: Americans have fought their way back from tough economic times, but the deck is still stacked in favor of those at the top. Everyday Americans need a champion, and I want to be that champion so you can do more than just get by. You can get ahead, and stay ahead. Because when families are strong, America is strong. Related Story: Hillary Clinton on the Issues At Clintons first campaign rally, held in June of 2015, she continued to focus heavily on the economy and the struggles of the middle class hit hard by the Great Recession of the late 2000s. We’re still working our way back from a crisis that happened because time-tested values were replaced by false promises. Instead of an economy built by every American, for every American, we were told that if we let those at the top pay lower taxes and bend the rules, their success would trickle down to everyone else.What happened? Well, instead of a balanced budget with surpluses that could have eventually paid off our national debt, the Republicans twice cut taxes for the wealthiest, borrowed money from other countries to pay for two wars, and family incomes dropped. You know where we ended up. Professional Career Clinton is an attorney by trade.  She served as counsel to the  House Judiciary Committee 1974. She worked as a staffer investigating the impeachment of President Richard M. Nixon amid the Watergate scandal.   Political Career Clintons political career began before she was elected to any public office.   She served as: First Lady of Arkansas from 1979 to 1981 and 1983 to 1993: She served in this capacity when her husband served as the 40th and 42nd governor of the state.First Lady of the United States from 1993 to 2001: She served in this capacity after her husband was elected president and served two terms.U.S. Senator from New York from  Jan. 3, 2001, to Jan. 21, 2009U.S. Secretary of State under President Barack Obama from 2009 to 2013 Major Controversies Clinton became a polarizing figure in American politics before even being elected. As first lady, she helped draft and propose sweeping changes to the nations health care system, earning the ire of congressional Republicans who believed she was unqualified to oversee the changes and a public that was skeptical of her involvement. The health-reform debacle was critical in framing Hillarys public image, and despite her years of accomplishment in her own right, she still carries the burdens of that failure, wrote The American Prospect. But the most serious scandals surrounding Clinton was her use  of a personal email address and server instead of a more secure government account as secretary of State, and her handling of the attacks in Benghazi.   Related Story: Could Bill Clinton Serve In Hillarys Cabinet? The email controversy, which first surfaced in 2015 after she had left the position, and lingering questions over her preparedness as secretary of State during the Benghazi attacks both plagued her 2016 presidential campaign. Critics alleged Clintons behavior in both cases raised questions about whether she could be trusted if elected to the most powerful position in the free world. In the email scandal, her political foes suggested her use of a private email served opened up classified information to hackers and foreign enemies. There was no evidence it had, however. In the Benghazi attacks, Clinton was accused of doing too little, too late to prevent the deaths of Americans at a U.S. diplomatic compound there, then covering up the administrations bungling of the attacks. Education Clinton attended  public schools in Park Ridge, Illinois. In 1969 she earned a bachelor of arts degree from Wellesley College, where she wrote her  senior thesis on Saul Alinskys activism and writings. She earned a law degree from Yale Law School in 1973. Personal Life Clinton is married to former President Bill Clinton, who served two terms in the White House. He is one of  only two presidents who have been impeached in U.S. history. Clinton was accused of  misleading a grand jury about his extramarital affair with White House intern Monica Lewinsky and then persuading others to lie about it. Their permanent address is  Chappaqua, a wealthy suburb of New York.   The couple has one child, Chelsea Victoria. She appeared with Hillary Clinton on the campaign trail in 2016. Hillary Clinton was born Oct. 26, 1947, in Chicago, Illinois. She has two brothers,  Hugh Jr. and Anthony. She has written two books about her life:  Living History  in 2003, and  Hard Choices  in 2014. Net Worth The Clintons are worth  between $11 million and $53 million, according to financial disclosures.   The last time  Clinton filed financial disclosures as a member of the U.S. Senate, in 2007, she reported a net worth of between $10.4 and $51.2 million, making her the  12th wealthiest member of the U.S. Senate at the time, according to the Washington, D.C.-based watchdog group Center for Responsive Politics. She and her husband have earned at least $100 million since leaving the White House in 2001, according to published reports. Much of that money comes from speaking fees.  Hillary Clinton is said to have been paid $200,000 for each speech shes given since leaving the Obama administration. ___ Sources for this bio include: Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, Living History, [New York: Simon Schuster, 2003],  Center for Responsive Politics.

Gouverneur K. Warren - Civil War - Major General - Union Army

Gouverneur K. Warren - Civil War - Major General - Union Army Gouverneur K. Warren - Early Life Career: Born at Cold Spring, NY on January 8, 1830, Gouverneur K. Warren was named for a local Congressman and industrialist.   Raised locally, his younger sister, Emily, later married Washington Roebling and played a key role in the building of the Brooklyn Bridge.   A strong student, Warren obtained admission to West Point in 1846.   Traveling a short distance down the Hudson River, he continued to display his academic skills as a cadet.   Graduating second in the Class of 1850, Warren received a commission as a brevet second lieutenant in the Corps of Topographical Engineers.   In this role, he traveled west and aided in projects along the Mississippi River as well as helped plan routes for railroads. Serving as an engineer on Brigadier General William Harneys staff in 1855, Warren first experienced combat at the Battle of Ash Hollow during the First Sioux War.   In the wake of the conflict, he continued to survey the lands west of the Mississippi with the goal of determining a route for the transcontinental railroad.   Ranging through the Nebraska Territory, which included parts of modern-day Nebraska, North Dakota, South Dakota, Wyoming, and Montana, Warren helped create the first detailed maps of the region as well  as extensively surveyed the Minnesota River Valley.   Gouverneur K. Warren -  The Civil War Begins: A first lieutenant, Warren had returned east by 1861 and filled a post at West Point teaching mathematics.   With the beginning of the Civil War in April, he departed the academy and began aiding in raising a local regiment of volunteers.   Successful, Warren was appointed lieutenant colonel of the 5th New York Infantry on May 14.   Ordered to  Fortress Monroe, the regiment took part in Major General  Benjamin Butlers defeat at the Battle of Big Bethel on June 10.   Sent to Baltimore in late July, the  regiment aided in constructing fortifications on Federal Hill.   In  September, following the promotion of the 5th New Yorks commander, Colonel Abram Duryà ©e, to brigadier general, Warren assumed command of the regiment with the rank of colonel. Returning to the Peninsula in the spring of 1862, Warren advanced with Major General George B. McClellans Army of the Potomac and took part in the Siege of Yorktown.   During this time, he frequently assisted the armys chief topographical engineer, Brigadier General Andrew A. Humphreys, by conducting reconnaissance missions and drafting maps.   As the campaign progressed, Warren assumed command  of a brigade in Brigadier General George Sykes division of  V Corps.   On  June 27, he sustained a wound in the leg during the Battle of Gaines Mill, but remained in command.   As the Seven Days Battles progressed he again  saw action at the Battle of  Malvern Hill where his men aided in repelling Confederate assaults.   Gouverneur K. Warren -  Ascent to Command:   With the failure of the Peninsula Campaign, Warrens brigade returned north and saw action at the Second Battle of Manassas in late August.   In the fighting, his men were driven back by a massive assault from Major General James Longstreets corps.   Recovering, Warren and his command were present the following month at the Battle of Antietam but remained in reserve during the fighting.   Promoted to brigadier general on September 26, he continued to lead his brigade and returned to combat in December during the Union defeat at the Battle of Fredericksburg.   With the ascent of Major General Joseph Hooker to command of the Army of the Potomac in  early 1863, Warren received an assignment as the armys chief topographical engineer.   This soon saw him advance to become the  armys chief engineer. In May, Warren saw action at the Battle of Chancellorsville  and though  it resulted in a stunning  victory for General Robert E. Lees  Army of  Northern Virginia, he was commended for his performance in the campaign.   As Lee began moving north to invade Pennsylvania, Warren advised Hooker on the best routes for intercepting the enemy.   When Major General George G. Meade succeeded Hooker on June 28, he continued to  help direct the armys movements.   As the two armies clashed at the Battle of Gettysburg  on July 2, Warren recognized the importance of the heights at Little Round Top which was situated off the Union left.   Racing Union forces to the hill, his efforts just prevented Confederate  troops from seizing the  heights and turning Meades flank.   In the fighting, Colonel Joshua L. Chamberlains 20th Maine famously held the line against the attackers.  Ã‚  In recognition for his actions at Gettysburg, Warren received a promotion to major general o n August 8. Gouverneur K. Warren - Corps Commander: With this promotion, Warren assumed command of II Corps as  Major General Winfield S. Hancock had been badly wounded at Gettysburg.   In October, he led the corps to victory over Lieutenant General A.P. Hill at the Battle of Bristoe Station and showed skill and discretion  a month later during the Mine  Run Campaign.   In the spring of 1864, Hancock returned to active duty and the Army of the Potomac reorganized under guidance of Lieutenant General Ulysses S. Grant and Meade.   As a part of this, Warren received command of V Corps on March 23.   With the beginning of the Overland Campaign in May, his men saw extensive fighting during the Battles of the Wilderness and Spotsylvania Court House.   As Grant pushed south, Warren and the armys cavalry commander, Major General Philip Sheridan, repeatedly  clashed as the latter felt that the V Corps leader was too cautious.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   As the armies moved closer to Richmond, Warrens corps again saw action at Cold Harbor before shifting further south to enter the Siege of Petersburg.   In an effort to force the situation, Grant and Meade began extending Union lines south and west.   Moving as part of these operations, Warren won a victory over Hill at the Battle of Globe Tavern in August.   A month later, he achieved another success in the fighting around Peebles Farm.   During this time, Warrens relationship with Sheridan remained strained.   In February 1865, he saw substantial action at the Battle of Hatchers Run.   Following the Confederate defeat at the Battle of Fort Stedman in late March 1865, Grant instructed Sheridan to strike Confederate forces at the key crossroads of Five Forks.    Though Sheridan requested Major General Horatio G. Wrights VI Corps support the operation, Grant instead assigned V Corps as it was better positioned.   Aware of Sheridans issues with Warren, the Union leader gave the former permission to relieve him if the situation warranted.   Attacking on April 1, Sheridan soundly defeated enemy forces led by Major General George Pickett at the Battle of Five Forks.   In the fighting, he believed that V Corps moved too slowly and that Warren was out of position.   Immediately after the battle, Sheridan relieved Warren and replaced him with Major General Charles Griffin.    Gouverneur K. Warren - Later Career: Briefly sent to lead the Department of Mississippi, an irate Warren resigned his commission as a major general of volunteers on May 27 and reverted to his rank of major of engineers in the regular army.   Serving in the Corps of Engineers for the next seventeen years, he worked along the Mississippi River and aided in the construction of railroads.   During this time, Warren  repeatedly requested a court of inquiry into his actions at Five Forks in an effort to clear his reputation.   These were refused until Grant left the White House.   Finally, in 1879, President Rutherford B. Hayes ordered a court convened.   After extensive hearings and testimony, the court concluded that Sheridans actions had been unjustified.    Assigned to Newport, RI, Warren died there on August 8, 1882, three months before the courts findings were formally published.   Only fifty-two, the cause of death was listed as acute liver failure related to diabetes.   As per his wishes, he was buried locally in Island Cemetery with no military honors and wearing civilian clothes.    Selected Sources: Civil War Trust: Gouverneur K. WarrenCivil War: Gouverneur K. WarrenNNDB: Gouverneur K. Warren

HISTORY Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

HISTORY - Essay Example Many ancient languages have not seen the limelight of modern day because they remained under the shroud of other dominating cultures. The article informs that the Demotic Dictionary, published online contains over â€Å"2000† pages and the university eventually intends to print it for â€Å"research libraries† (par.4 - 5). It further emphasizes the existence of â€Å"Demotic Egyptian† or the language of the â€Å"common people,† much before the other popular Egyptian languages evolved (par.2). In addition, the article quotes many prominent Egyptologists and historians, who maintain that the dictionary is a significant for the modern people to understand the ancient Egyptian culture and for â€Å"mastering the texts from the Egyptians themselves† and not through their rulers (par.6 – 7). Dr Zahi Hawass was involved in an excavation journey to explore the mysteries behind Seti’s tomb, and discovering through archeological evidence what really the Egyptians thought awaited them after death. From some of the findings, the Egyptians believed that life after death was a thrilling underworld journey marked by a series of terrifying obstacles, which included fighting fierce battles with real monsters, crossing fire lakes of death, and finally the eternal death or either resurrection with the sun, which marked the journey of the afterlife (You Tube, 2012). This journey was believed by each Egyptian to be real and the stakes were even much higher for the pharaohs. Interestingly, they believed that the entire universe largely depended on the king’s eventual and successful journey as well as his resurrection. This made the king’s tomb not just a place to keep his corpse, but the tomb was more of a machine constructed to facilitate and guarantee the kingâ⠂¬â„¢s resurrection and eternal life afterwards. The many artifacts stored in museums and have not been displayed since they were located; with some having stayed for more than a century, have

Public Health Nursing in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania Assignment - 66

Public Health Nursing in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania - Assignment Example This, therefore, implies that chronic diseases and lack of access to quality treatment and prevention services are the key health concerns, in this county. For instance, the most recent research on community health, in Pennsylvania State, indicated that more than 60 percent of people who participated in this study cited several unmet needs such as access to dental care, oral health education, mental health education and treatment services, access to health care through support and insurance services, and nutrition education and counseling (Elliott, 2012). Delivery of quality health care services to people of Lancaster County is a significant duty of both the community itself and the available private and public health facilities. This paper, therefore, identifies and describes the problems facing public health nursing in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, and provides appropriate solutions to these problems. Stanhope and Lancaster in their book, â€Å"Public Health Nursing†, provide some community health concepts such as community as a client, population-centered nursing in rural and urban environments and promoting health through communities and cities, and their significance in promoting quality healthcare delivery (Stanhope & Lancaster, 2012). The problems cited by Lancaster people are some of the significant health service needs, which are primarily community-based needs. Improving health care delivery, in this county, requires more health care attention than what is currently being implemented by the public health in Pennsylvania. Lancaster community health is primarily challenged by two factors, which include management of chronic diseases and access to personal health (Elliott, 2012). There are crucial disparities in health status and access by geography and race/ethnicity with central city’s residents while the rural population faces the greatest challenge. Many rur al dwellers are suffering from significant public health problems such as STDs, lead poisoning, and tuberculosis while not getting the attention or  resources required for understanding, preventing and treating these health problems.  

Digital Bangladesh Essay Example for Free

Digital Bangladesh Essay Bangladesh is resounding with the target of achieving digital Bangladesh. Broadly speaking, a digital society ensures an Information and communication Technology (ICT) driven knowledge-based where information will be readily available on line and where all possible tasks of the government, semi-government and also private spheres will be processed using the modern technology. So, a digital Bangladesh must guarantee efficient and effective use of modern ICT in all spheres of the society with a view to establishing good governance. In other word, making Bangladesh a digital one, we have to establish technology driven e-governance, e-commerce, e-production, e-agriculture, e-health etc. , in the society emphasizing the overall development of the common people. Building strong ICT infrastructure is the pre-requisite for making Bangladesh a digital one. For this, we need to focus on the following relevant issues assessing the harsh reality that hinders our development in this context. Latest statistics reveal that Bangladesh faces a power deficit of up to 200 MW against a demand of 5000 MW daily. It may be noted that for proper ICT development an uninterrupted power supply is a must. For the ICT development Internet users of the country must be increased. In this case our position is the worst one among the South Asian countries. From different sources, it has been learnt that, English language literacy rate in Bangladesh is lesser than one percent. Whereas, English language literacy rates in India and Pakistan are 60% and 20% respectively. There is a strong correlation between English literacy and ICT development in the present context of Globalization. In the arena of ICT English has become the Lingua-Franca. Though the above accounts seem to be frustrating one, these can be easily overcome within a reasonable span of time if we can establish good governance in the country. For making a digital Bangladesh by 2021, the government must address the above stated issues effectively and efficiently in transparent manners. In many cases we need to reformulate our national policy (e. g. education policy, ICT policy) in accordance with the Millennium Development Goals. It the leaders of our country objectively guide this generation, they can do wonder for the nation.

The Assembly Line & Henry Ford :: essays research papers fc

Ford's Assembly Line Assembly Line The assembly line has changed the world as drastically as it has been changed by the world since it began. It brought people together to work as a group toward all achieving the same goal. Henry Ford was only aiming to bring cars into the homes of the average citizen when he made the most significant to the assembly line since its inventor, Eli Whitney. Henry Ford not only achieved this goal, but his legacy is still carried on today. Assembly lines of cars as well as many other househo appliances have helped shape the twenty-first century. The assembly line has brought together many workers together to work only on their specific part of a car, therefore building them much faster. This is done using many separate steps. First, the parts of the car are made, and the frame is placed on a conveyor belt. Workers are stationed along the belt to form an assembly line. As the conveyor belt moves the car, each worker performs a task that they are specialized in. Each worker must perform their task quickly and precisely, because f one worker stops, the entire line will have to either slow down or stop completely to wait. The modern assembly line as we know it would not exist without the contributions of Henry Ford. Ford was born in 1863. In 1903, at the age of forty, he founded Ford Motor Company. He Mooney 2 began the use of the car assembly line that is now commonplace by using it to build the famed model-T in 1908. When Ford began putting the mass-produced cars on the market, they could offer their cars for so much less than their competition that the co etition had to upgrade the features of their cars drastically just to compete. Eventually, other car companies also began to use assembly lines. Ford began to falter and was passed in sales by Oldsmobile in 1927. Ford had to come up with a new sales pitch in time to avert disaster. Later that same year, Ford began rolling the model-A off of their assembly lines. The automobile age had begun, and there was a car parked in front of almost every home in the post-depression United States. In conclusion, the automobile assembly line helped launch the US into the twentieth century. The assembly line has made a profound impact on not only the United States, but on the entire world. It has brought not only cars, but electric appliances and many other products into the homes of people who otherwise could never have afforded them. The operation of the assembly line has also been changed profoundly by

Needs of American Cities for Policing Policy

In analyzing the needs of American cities for policing policy for the future, race has to be considered in the equation. Researchers note that it is not possible to ignore the variable of race when describing the nature of policing in the United States. This includes efforts to develop a community policing concept, and race enters both for policing in the minority community and for the way policing does or does not use racial profiling so as to antagonize the minority community. In much of America, relations between the police and the African-American community have long been tense. In some regions, the police are viewed as an occupying army present not to protect the people but to control them and to keep them in their place. Numerous civil disturbances in recent decades can be traced to tensions between the police and the black community, from the riots of the summer of 1965 to the riot in Los Angeles after the first Rodney King verdict, from the problems in Crown Heights in New York to any number of disputed police shooting incidents in cities across the country. Even without a specific incident to set off a disturbance, there is often an underlying tension between poor black communities and the surrounding society, with the police serving as a symbol of that society: The very complex, diffuse, interrelated, but still independent nature of the social, political, and economic institutions within American society, supported by layers and layers of public and private bureaucracies often manipulated by elusive, anonymous power brokers, perpetually frustrate the attempts of Black Americans to modify and reorder societal arrangements in their favor. Therefore, the â€Å"system† is identified as the culprit (Wintersmith, 1974, p. 2). The fact that the police are the most likely target for black hostility and aggression, however, does not mean blacks do not have a real reason to fear the police or the rallying cry of â€Å"law and order†: For Black Americans this slogan connotes oppression, police occupation of Black communities, inequitable and selective police treatment, disregard for human and constitutional rights of Black citizens, and continued denial of equitable opportunity (Wintersmith, 1974, p. ). Community Policing is a program that links the actions of the police with citizen participation as part of an overall effort to solve the problems of the community by involving the community, and such an approach can help inform the public and gain public acceptance for the minority hire program a well. The community policing model is based on that sort of assumption and on the view that crime has many complex causes and that police departments cannot keep the streets safe by themselves. If crime is to be controlled, police must reach out to other local institutions, and indeed to the broader community at large, and create partnerships. Among the features of such a program are integrated investigations, team and neighborhood rather than a shift and divisional basis for officer deployment, foot patrols, and community service as a focus along with problem-oriented policing instead of mere crime-fighting. Programs of this sort mean a different structure for the police as well as altered functions, allocations of resources, and general attitude. This can be a challenge to traditional police department structures because the traditional method is to respond to citizen demand rather than to try to ascertain the underlying forces creating patterns of problems. The community policing method is proactive rather than responsive. The approach also calls attention to the degree to which the police are dependent on the public for support, information, and cooperation. A recent study suggests that the benefits of community policing may have been oversold to the public, but there are also indications that community policing needs to be given time to work and that the police and the community must become more comfortable with one another to create a better atmosphere (Moran & Bucqueroux, 1995, p. 1057). One way for the police to learn more about the neighborhood and the residents is to be residents themselves. Requiring officers to live in the community is seen as a way of enhancing the community policing effort in a variety of ways and of adding to the comfort level on both sides. Police and citizens should see themselves as part of the same community. Informal and casual contact between police officers and the public occurs at different rates in different communities. Often, members of the public keep their distance from police officers out of concern that they will be investigated or somehow drawn into police activity or because of a general distrust of the police: â€Å"American studies show high social isolation of police officers in comparison with people in other occupations (Guyot, 1991, p. 279). Some see the police as having isolated themselves intentionally, leaving them open to charges of abusing their authority by coming into neighborhoods in which they have no stake and using their power unwisely. Community policing is seen as a way of reversing this. Wilson and Kelling (1989) note of crime, â€Å"Most crime in most neighborhoods is local: the offenders live near their victims† (Wilson & Kelling, 1989, p. 46). This makes people in these neighborhoods feel less safe, just as they can be made to feel more safe if police offices live in the neighborhood. The officers need to be comfortable with the victims and to understand the perpetrators, and living in the community they serve. Bringing more minorities into the police department is also often emphasized as a way to reach and include the black community. The proper model for bringing new hires into the department and for finding more qualified minorities is recruitment rather than hiring. Most departments emphasize hiring, which means that applicants come in on their own and ask to join the department, after which they are evaluated. Recruitment involves seeking out qualified applicants and selling the idea and the department to them. This is a practice approach that can be conducted throughout the community, for individuals of all backgrounds, and this also avoids the quota stigma while including more minorities by identifying those who would fit the needs of the department. This still leaves a barrier in the form of the requirements for qualification, which need to be more flexible in order to emphasize training after acceptance rather than having the skills needed before applying. This idea would also extend the reach of the recruiter more deeply into minority groups (Carter & Radelet, 1999, p. 173). The development of a proper plan for implementing recruiting means determining need on several bases, including short-term needs, medium-term needs, and long-term needs. For all, the department needs to develop â€Å"a marketing plan for recruiting that includes operational, tactical, and strategic objectives† (Carter & Radelet, 1999, pp. 174-175). Developing a plan for hiring more minority officers can begin with analyzing what other departments have done to address the same issue, and some of what is found in a survey on the subject includes good recommendations for an approach to take. For instance, an Action Plan offered by the department in the Canadian city of Brantford includes noting that the minorities already in the department can be a great help in recruiting new minority hires by serving as the face of the department in certain communities. For instance, these officers can be depicted in recruitment materials in the law enforcement role whenever possible to encourage potential female and visible minority candidates. These officers can also be used to give active encouragement for the recruitment of potential candidates. They can also represent the department at high schools, colleges, and universities to attract potential candidates through continued participation in such things as the student co-op placement program, anti-vandalism program, and the High School Resource Officer program. These officers can also work with groups in the community representing the community diversity to build relationships and encourage potential candidates, which will also involve sitting on police liaison committees and hosting Citizenship Court (Recruiting Process, 2004). Allen (2003) suggests that the only way to keep police departments focused on minority hiring is by instituting an affirmative action program, but given recent court rulings and public attitudes, that is not a viable solution. Allen does note that keeping up with minority hiring is a problem because what is required always changes, as noted with reference to mesa, Arizona: The minority population is slowly yet steadily increasing. Both the increase in population and changes in ethnic demographics have affected the city's public safety needs and contribute to the department's difficulty in becoming more diverse (Allen, 2003). Among the problems noted for programs to hire more minorities are resistance from within from officers who feel threatened by change, community resistance, suits from those who believe they have been the target of reverse discrimination, and simple difficulties in finding qualified applicants. Programs useful in police hiring can be adapted to the specific needs of minority hiring. In order to improve the quality of police recruits in general, programs have been set up at the college and university levels in order to recruit better-educated officers. Such programs can be used effectively at traditionally back colleges and universities in order to garner attention and attract minority recruits from that population. Such an approach would also be key to bringing in more recruits who would be good candidates for advancement in order to improve the mix in managerial roles. One of the complaints leveled at some departments when they use affirmative action for minority hiring is that the level of recruits goes down, but this would not be the case with recruits attracted from minority colleges. Within the department, a mentor program can be created to empower existing minority officers to give assistance, training, and advice to new recruits, a program that would help all officers and the department as a whole and that would also be especially useful for keeping new minority hires on track so they do not get discouraged and resign, as often happens. The mentors also serve as role models of what advancement brings. Once the department is on it way to a more varied and advanced status, it can offer incentives to minority officers from other departments to transfer. This can be another way of gaining qualified recruits, especially for the management level, as such a move up can be offered as the incentive that attracts them in the first place. They can then serve as mentors to other minority applicants and help expand the reach of the department. Their experience can also be invaluable. Once these programs are in place, they must be maintained in order to keep the department fresh, at a proper level of minority employment, and at a high level of community involvement and service and a high level of overall competence. The degree of change in the department in terms of the makeup of the force will show how well the program is working, just as normal evaluations of the work performance of new hires and old will show that the change is beneficial to the department. This analysis shows that there is a need to consider race first in terms of the community and second in terms of the make-up of the police force. In both cases, this is because race remains a dividing issue and one that is exacerbated by most poling programs. Community policing offers at least the chance of improving the system and reducing both the threat to the community and antipathy from the community.

Competency Goal 6 Essay

To maintain a commitment to professionalism. To maintain a commitment to professionalism in preschool classroom I set a goal for myself. My goal in my classroom is to set a standard of excellence within the room and to commit myself to the growth and development of each child in offering a positive, kind, loving, and safe atmosphere. I have respect, not only for myself but, for my class, each child, and their families. I keep all parental information shared with me confidential. I also uphold all health and safety regulations and make children’s well-being my top priority. I also respect family diversity. This includes but is not limited to cultural differences, orientation, or economic status. I encourage individuality in children. I treat each child with respect and help them to build a positive self- image. Being informed is being ready to assist any child with any need they may have. I feel it is important to always stay positive and keep a smile on my face. Stay on top of new regulations for the school as well as updated laws and other developments within early childhood education; Always making sure to have information to help parents that have children with additional needs. I feel I am a kind and loving person and am genuinely concerned about the growth and development of each child entering in the class. I want to give them every opportunity to grow and learn in a safe environment. I love working and being around children not just in a group setting but also a one on one setting. I became an early childhood assistant teacher, because I enjoy working with preschool children, and looking forward to becoming a teacher soon.

Issues, Problems and Risks in Construction Projects and Ways of Mitigating Them The WritePass Journal

Issues, Problems and Risks in Construction Projects and Ways of Mitigating Them Introduction Issues, Problems and Risks in Construction Projects and Ways of Mitigating Them ). Even though this might not be very accurate, it reduced the gap between the estimated and the actual expenditure. When acquiring the plans for the construction project it is necessary for the project manger to ensure that the architect or engineer involved has exhaustively broken down all the specifications involved (Whitfield, 2012). In addition to saving on costs for expert assistance, it will also save on the overall construction time. It is also vital for suppliers to be exhaustively evaluated by referring to previous projects to which they have supplied materials. This will enable the project managers to select the most reliable suppliers, avoiding extra costs due to delays in delivery of materials. Whilst the mentioned issues can be solved by project managers through effective co-ordination of the general requirements, there exist other factors that cause cost overrides, which project managers may not be able to avoid regardless of how efficiently they manage their systems. These include unanticipated rises in market prices of materials needed in the construction project, unpredictable technical or human-resource issues, inaccurate estimation of costs in comparison to actual construction costs (Kubba, 2010). Delays Time issues that affect construction often lead to delays in completion of the project (Keane Caletka, 2009). This issue is closely related to cost overrides because extension of project completion time in most cases leads to incurrence of extra costs. One of the leading causes of time issues in construction projects is untimely delivery of equipment and materials by suppliers (Munier, 2012; Forsman et al., 2011). Government restraints also contribute to delays experienced in construction projects because it is important for project managers get clearance form construction regulatory bodies before starting projects (Best Valence, 2012). This factor especially affects companies that are in the construction industry and dealing with large construction projects. Other factors that may cause delays in commencement or completion of construction projects include changes that are made in design and construction schedules. Most of the measures that can be taken by project managers to limit the negative impacts of delays in projects are closely related to those that ought to be undertaken to reduce cost overrides (Kubba, 2010). Other measures include ensuring that designs and materials to be used in the construction project are within the standards that are specified by the government.   This helps to limit delays caused by government agencies that verify if the structure to be constructed is in adherence to the set standards. Delays that can be caused because of schedule changes can be avoided by ensuring that a thorough consideration of other indirect factors is factored when planning to implement the construction project (Best Valence, 2012). However, there still exist factors that cannot be avoided by project managers in minimizing delays. These include naturally occurring disasters like extreme weather conditions. Project Quality Issues Even though project managers are always expected to ensure that construction project are of the highest quality, there are some factors that may limit attainment of high quality in their projects. Quality in construction projects affects a wide range of components, from structural support to plumbing. According to Best and Valence (2012), quality in construction can be compromised if project managers or supervisors fail to carry out adequate inspection in the course of the process. The challenge is even higher when workers o laborers taking part in the project do not possess the adequate skills needed. Another issue that is likely to affect quality is acquisition of low quality materials with the objective of saving costs (Olawale Sun, 2010). Whereas it is advantageous to reduce unnecessary costs of construction, purchasing of sub-standard materials for such projects poses long-term dangers to people who will inhabit the structure or even valuables that may be stored in them. The impacts of quality issues in construction can be minimized by the project managers by ensuring strict adherence to the use of standard equipment and materials that have been specified for construction. In addition, incompetence can be avoided by ensuring that the workers recruited to take part in the project have the ideal skills, experience and qualifications (McCarthy, 2010). By so doing, project managers will be assured that even with minimal supervision, they are capable of doing a quality job. Inspections required in every step of the construction project should be diligently carried out by supervisors and project managers to ensure that mistakes are avoided at all costs (Muir, 2005). Project managers should convince their clients to provide sufficient funds to purchase quality construction materials. Even though it might drive the construction costs higher, risks that are associated with poor quality construction will be evaded (Harris McCaffer, 2013). Unlike delays and co st override issues, there are no situations where poor quality is inevitable. Therefore, project managers have to ensure that they strictly adhere to quality materials and practices. Peripheral Issues/Challenges These are challenges that affect construction processes indirectly. These are classified into environmental, legal and socio-political issues. Environmental issues Since the 1970’s, there has been a reasonable increase in the levels of environmental impacts caused by construction projects (Barrie Paulson, 1992). This has prompted environment conservation bodies and governments to set regulations that have to be adhered to by constructors. Lack of compliance to these regulations may result into termination of the project, imposition of fines on the firm, and in other cases, criminal prosecutions. To avoid inconvenienced caused by ignorant non-adherence, project managers have to ensure that they are up-to-date about all the permits requires and environmental regulations (Shen et al., 2010; Winch, 2010). Some of the factors that that raise environmental concern in construction project include soil erosion and sedimentation, hazardous waste materials and noise pollution, among others. Socio-political and legal Issues These include pressures that emanate from owners of properties that are adjacent to the construction project, community and civic organizations. According to Scott et al. (2011), present-day construction managers are supposed to be accountable to the public through ensuring that the location or design of the structure being constructed does not interfere with other property owners (Muir, 2005). Legal challenges in construction projects are caused by issues like liabilities, avoidance, claims and mitigations, government issued permits, as well as safety and labor laws. The mentioned peripheral challenges can be avoided by ensuring that they are all addressed in the planning phase of the project. For instance, socio-political challenges can be avoided by seeking alternative sites where the mentioned challenges are inexistent (Scott et al., 2011). The legal issues, on the other hand, can be addressed through seeking services of a strong legal team or through simple strict adherence to t he construction policies that have been set by the respective governing authorities (Sears et al., 2010). Risks in Construction Projects Weeks (2011) posits that the major risks that are associated with construction projects are posed to human resource forces. These include health and safety risks, which may have catastrophic impacts if not promptly and effectively managed. Another risk in construction projects arises from hiring non-skilled or poorly skilled workers. These are referred to as work-force risks (McCarthy, 2010). Health and Safety Risks In any construction project, safety and health remains one of the leading concerns of managers and workers involved. Typically, construction projects are quite dangerous, and the possibility of accidents happening is high. According to Rozenfeld et al. (2010), the effect of accidents in construction projects is quite costly in terms of finances, legal settlements and human suffering. However, these costs can be avoided if the standard safety measures for each identified risk are taken. In the construction industry, health and safety risks are classified into chemical and physical hazards. Risks that are posed by chemical hazards are usually from fumes, liquid or powder. In most cased these substances are ingested, inhaled or are absorbed when they get in contact with skins of workers (Fewings, 2013). Whilst the effects of some of these chemicals might be quite mild or even unnoticeable, some chemicals are known to cause serious illnesses. These include bronchitis, silicosis, asbestos is and severe skin allergies (Weeks, 2011). Physical health and safety risks in construction projects include falling objects, trucks that materials and equipment in the construction site, noise pollution, vibrations and extreme weather conditions, among others. Risks of falling objects usually increase with the height of the construction project (Harris McCaffer, 2013). Whereas these objects are often building materials, in some isolated cases, workers may also fall from elevated heights. Even with the imminent risks that are posed by chemical hazards in construction projects, they cannot be eliminated in construction projects. Therefore, measures need to be taken reduce their adverse impacts. One of the measures that can help in reducing such risks is by substituting materials with high toxicity levels with those whose toxicities are relatively lower (Weeks, 2011). In the case of physical hazards, equipments that pose less risk can be substituted with those associated with high risks. For instance, pneumatic hammers could be replaced by impact hammers to reduce noise pollution. Another measure that can be taken is by ensuring that workers are supplies with personal protective equipment to counter any possible risk that they might face. Some of these include helmets for protection against falling objects, safety belts for those working on high structures and masks to protect workers from inhaling chemicals (Harris McCaffer, 2013). Other equipments include safety boot s to protect feet and ear plugs to limit impacts of noise-pollution (Rozenfeld et al., 2010). Workforce Risks The workforce in construction projects, just like in any other project, is the most valuable resources. This is because the quality with which construction projects are carried out depends on the workers’ levels of skill in planning and execution of the project. However, Muir (2005) argues that construction is one of the industries that are viewed by many as being the least desirable to work in. This is because of the dangers associated with and the fact that it is quite physically exhausting (Muir, 2005). As opposed to other jobs, the construction industry is considered to be dirty. These are some of the factors that are attracting skilled youth to other industries, away from the construction industry (Murray Dainty, 2013). With such shortages, project managers in construction often end up selecting less qualified individuals to take up such positions. With reference to the United States, most of the construction workers are immigrants who, apart from not being competent, ar e faced with language and cultural barrier issues (Muir, 2005). One of the major risks that are posed by using a workforce that is not adequately skilled is that without proper intensive supervision, the quality of the structure may be compromised. Mitigation of this risk depends on how companies in the construction industry will attract more skilled individuals. Some of the ways in which this can be done include setting competitive compensation rates for workers in the industry and utilizing technological advancements to reduce the physical strain that construction projects usually have on workers (Murray Dainty, 2013). Technological advancements can also be used to make construction jobs more interesting. In cases where inadequately skilled workers are hired to help in implementation of construction projects, it is important to sufficiently invest in training them before allowing them to take part in the project (Liebing, 2011). Conclusion Construction projects have been instrumental for a long time and have contributed toward making life easier. However, they are regarded as being among those with the highest levels of risk to workers. Therefore, to ensure that such projects are successfully implemented and completed, it is necessary for project managers to be keen when planning and implementing the process. This will help in identifying the possible risk that may be faced during the project and formulating the most ideal approach to cope with such challenges or risks. This paper has presented an in-depth discussion of some of the key issues, challenges and risks that are associated with such projects. Some of the key issues that have been identified include cost overruns, delays, quality, environmental, legal and socio-political issues. Risks that have been discussed include health and safety risks, as well as the risk posed by hiring unskilled workers. Some of the ways in which these challenges or risks can be mitig ated have also been discussed. To emphasize on the risks associated with construction projects, it is recommended that future research should compare and contrast risks that exist in construction projects with those existing other projects. Bibliography Barrie, D.S. Paulson, B.C., 1992. Professional Construction Management. London: McGraw-Hill, Inc. Best, R. Valence, G‎., 2012. Design and Construction. Oxford: Routledge. Fewings, P., 2013. Construction Project Management: An Integrated Approach. Oxon: Routledge. Forsman, S., Bystedt, A. Ãâ€"hman, M., 2011. Interaction in the construction process–system effects for a joinery products supplier. Lean Construction Journal, pp.1-18. Harris, F. McCaffer, R., 2013. Modern construction management. London: John Wiley Sons. Huemann, M., 2010. Considering human resource management when developing a project-oriented company: case study of a telecommunication company. International Journal of Project Management, 28(4), pp.361–69. Keane, P.J. Caletka, A.F., 2009. Delay Analysis in Construction Contracts. west Sussex: John Wiley Sons. Kubba, S., 2010. Green Construction Project Management and Cost Oversight. Oxford: Taylor Francis. Liebing, R.W., 2011. Construction of Architecture: From Design to Built. New Jersey: John Wiley Sons. McCarthy, J., 2010. Construction Project Management: A Managerial Approach. Westchester: Pareto. Muir, B., 2005. Challenges Facing Today’s Construction Manager. [Online] Available at: ce.udel.edu/courses/CIEG%20486/Challenges%20Facing%20Todays%20CM.pdf [Accessed 8 November 2013]. Munier, N., 2012. Project Management for Environmental, Construction and Manufacturing Engineers. London: Springer. Murray, M. Dainty, ‎A., 2013. Corporate Social Responsibility in the Construction Industry. Oxon: Routledge. Olawale, Y. Sun, M., 2010. Cost and time control of construction projects: inhibiting factors and mitigating measures in practice. Construction Management and Economics, 28(5), pp.509-26. Richbell, D., 2009. Mediation of Construction Disputes. New Jersey: John Wiley Sons. Ross, A. Williams, P‎., 2012. Financial Management in Construction Contracting. New Jersey: John Wiley Sons. Rounds, J.L. Segner, ‎R.O., 2011. Construction Supervision. New Jersey: John wiley. Rozenfeld, O., Sacks, R., Rosenfeld, Y. Baum, H., 2010. Construction job safety analysis. Safety Science, 48(4), pp.491–98. Schwalbe, K., 2010. Information Technology Project Management. Mason: Cengage learning. Scott, W.R., Raymond, E. Levitt, ‎.J., 2011. Global Projects: Institutional and Political Challenges. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Sears, S.K., Sears, G‎.A. Clough, R‎.H., 2010. Construction Project Management. New Jersey: John Wiley Sons. Shen, L., Tam, V.W.Y., Tam, L. Ji, Y., 2010. Project feasibility study: the key to successful implementation of sustainable and socially responsible construction management practice. Journal of Cleaner Production, 18(3), pp.254–59. Weeks, J.L., 2011. Health and Safety Hazards in the Construction Industry. [Online] Available at: ilo.org/oshenc/part-xvi/construction/health-prevention-and-management/item/518-health-and-safety-hazards-in-the-construction-industry [Accessed 8 November 2013]. Whitfield, J., 2012. Conflict in Construction. New Jersey: John Wiley Sons. Winch, G., 2010. Managing construction projects. Iowa: John Wley Sons.

Quick Facts About Americas Mount Rushmore

Quick Facts About America's Mount Rushmore Mount Rushmore is located in the Black Hills of Keystone,  South Dakota. The sculpture of four famous presidents - George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, Theodore Roosevelt, and Abraham Lincoln - was carved into the granite rock face over many decades. According to the National Park Service, approximately 2.5 million people visit the monument each year.   Fast Facts: Mount Rushmore Location: Near Rapid City, South DakotaArtist: Gutzon Borglum. Died seven months before it was finished; completed by son Lincoln.Size: The presidents faces are 60 feet high.Material: Granite rock faceYear Started: 1927Year Completed: 1941Cost: $989,992.32Notable: The artist was tagged for the project because of his work on the Confederate Memorial Carving at Stone Mountain, Georgia, which he began. His work was removed and another artist finished it, however. Also in the national park is the Avenue of Flags, representing the 50 states, the District of Columbia, Guam, Puerto Rico, American Samoa, the Virgin Islands, and the Northern Mariana Islands.  In the summertime, the monument is also lit up at night. History of Mount Rushmore National Park   Gutzon Borglums model of Mt. Rushmore memorial, where you see the original plans. Library of Congresss Prints and Photographs Division/Public Domain/Wiki Commons   Mount Rushmore National Park was the brainchild of Doane Robinson, known as the â€Å"Father of Mount Rushmore.† His goal was to create an attraction that would draw people from all over the country to his state. Robinson contacted Gutzon Borglum, the sculptor who was working on the monument at Stone Mountain, Georgia. Borglum met with Robinson during 1924 and 1925. He was the one who identified Mount Rushmore as a perfect location for a grand monument. This was due to the cliffs height above the surrounding area; its composition of granite, which would be slow to erode; and the fact that it faced southeast, to take advantage of the rising sun each day. Robinson worked with John Boland, President Calvin Coolidge, Rep. William Williamson, and Sen. Peter Norbeck to gain support in Congress and the funding to proceed. Congress agreed to match up to $250,000 of funding for the project and created the Mount Rushmore National Memorial Commission. Work began, and by 1933 the Mount Rushmore project became part of the National Park Service. Borglum did not like having the NPS oversee the construction. However, he continued to work on the project until his death in 1941. The monument was deemed complete and ready for dedication on October 31, 1941. It eventually cost nearly $1 million. Why Each of the Four Presidents Was Chosen Tetra Images/Getty Images Borglum made the decision about which presidents to include on the mountain. According to the National Park Service, heres his reasoning: George Washington: He was the first president and represented the foundation of American democracy.Thomas Jefferson: With the Louisiana Purchase, he greatly expanded the nation. He was also the author of the hugely influential Declaration of Independence.  Theodore Roosevelt: He not only represented the industrial development of the nation but was also widely known for conservation efforts.  Abraham Lincoln: As the president during the U.S. Civil War, he represents the preservation of the nation above all costs.   Carving Done With Dynamite The powder monkey is holding dynamite and detonators.   Archive Photos/Getty Images With 450,000 tons of granite that needed to be removed, the sculptor found out early on that jackhammers were not going to take care of the job fast enough. He employed a munitions expert to insert charges of dynamite into drilled holes and blasted the rock off when the workers were off of the mountain. Eventually, 90 percent of the granite removed from the rock face was done with dynamite. Changes to the Design The unfinished hall of records behind Abraham Lincolns head, just as Gutzon Borglum left it. Rachel.Miller727/Creative Commons/Wiki Commons During production, the design went through nine changes. Entablature What appears isnt exactly how the sculpture was conceived by sculptor Borglum, who also had plans for wording to be etched into the rock face, called the Entablature. It was to contain a brief history of the United States, highlighting nine important events between 1776 and 1906, carved into an image of the Louisiana Purchase. Given issues over the wording and funding and the fact that people wouldnt be able to read it from a distance, that idea was scrapped. Hall of Records Another plan was to have a Hall of Records in a room behind Lincolns head that would be accessed by the public via a staircase from the base of the mountain. On display would be important documents in a room decorated with mosaics. It too was discontinued, in 1939, due to lack of funding. Congress told the artist to concentrate on the faces and just get it done. A tunnel is what remains. It does house some porcelain panels giving the background about the building of the monument, the artist, and the presidents, but its inaccessible to visitors due to the lack of a staircase. More Than Heads Mock-ups of the design include the four presidents from the waist up. Funding was ever an issue, and the directive was to just stick with the four faces. Jefferson Moved Over Thomas Jefferson was originally on the other side of George Washington. Carmen Martinez Torron/Getty Images Thomas Jefferson was originally started on George Washingtons right, and carving of Jeffersons face began in 1931. However, the granite there was full of quartz. Workers kept blasting off the quartz, but after 18 months they realized that the location was just not working. His face was dynamited off and carved on the other side. Carving Stone carvers on scaffolding and hoists carve the face of Thomas Jefferson into Mount Rushmore. George Rinhart/Getty Images Workers hung from a 3/8-inch steel cable in bosuns chairs as they worked with jackhammers, drills, and chisels and carried dynamite. To their credit, no one died during Mount Rushmores construction - or the mountains destruction, as the case may be. A crew of four hundred worked on the sculpture. Facts About Borglum American Sculptor Gutzon Borglum. George Rinhart/Getty Images Art Background Gutzon Borglum studied in Paris and became friends with Auguste Rodin, who heavily influenced the young artist.  Borglum was the first American sculptor to have his work purchased by the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York City.   Stone Mountain Although Borglum had begun the sculpture on Stone Mountain, Georgia, he never finished it. He left on bad terms, and his work was cleared away from the mountain face. Another sculptor, Augustus Lukeman, was called in to finish the work.   Tempestuous Boss Borglum  was often away during the sculpting of Mount Rushmore. While it was being completed, he also made a sculpture of Thomas Paine for Paris and Woodrow Wilson for Poland. His son supervised the work on the mountain during his absence.   When he was on site, he was known for his mood swings and was continuously firing and rehiring people. His energy for the project and persistence, through many years of trials and issues with funding, eventually led to the projects completion. Unfortunately, he died seven months before it was done. His son completed it. Origin of the Mountain Name The mountain took its name - incredibly - from a New York attorney there on business who asked the name of the location in 1884 or 1885. A local man with the group looking at the mountain informed him that it didnt have a name but said, We will name it now, and name it Rushmore Peak, according to a letter from Charles Rushmore, the lawyer who was in the area for a client researching a mine.

Taxation Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 2

Taxation - Assignment Example When the government decreases its levy on goods, there will be a high consumption rate and more production by the firms. This decrease of levy on goods leads to increase in capital (David 1817). Corporations are also subject to taxation by the government. Corporations pay taxes to the government for services provided. Corporations fill out forms as required by the state laws and hence recognized by the government (Leandra 2002). It is the duty of the corporation to pay taxes to the government for services provided and failure to do so can lead to legal actions towards the corporation. Before investors make an investment plan, they identify the tax system of their investment location. A tax system that is negatively designed does not favor the investor’s interests and will drain their resources and time. The different types of taxes levied by the government are indirect taxes, direct taxes, progressive taxes and non-progressive taxes. Generally, this paper will look at UK tax system and also recommendations made in the Mireless review. The paper will also explain the benefits that will come with the proposed recommendations and also the parties that will be affected by the recommendations. The taxation systems in UK today do not favor the households. It oppresses them through the heavy taxes that are imposed on them by the government. The taxation system has influenced the amount of money that people save and the manner in which they do so (Stuart, James and Christopher 2012). This system does not lead to economic growth since people are not encouraged to save. It has led to inflation in UK hence calling for reforms in the taxation system. The United Kingdom’s tax rate is among the highest in the world. Despite people earning high incomes, they have been subjected to high tax rates hence little savings by the income earners. A high increase in income tax has also led to the rise of other related taxes such as taxes on allowances,

Leadership & HR (Succession) (mod 3) case Essay

Leadership & HR (Succession) (mod 3) case - Essay Example The selection of the new CEO may be from the options available to the Board of Directors which is either internal or external to the organization. However, the success of the succession to the position of CEO is influenced by several social and psychological factors. These concepts of CEO succession and leadership are also applicable for Apple Inc when the CEO succession to Steve Jobs occurred with the appointment of Tim Cook as the new CEO of Apple Inc. Tim Cook is a US business executive who has been appointed as the CEO of Apple Inc. Tim Cook spent his childhood in Robertsdale in Alabama. His father was a worker in the US shipyard while his mother used to work at a pharmacy. After graduating from Robertsdale High School, Cook went on to complete B.S in Industrial Engineering and then post-graduated as Master of Business Administration from the Fuqua School of Management in 1988. Before joining Apple in 1998, Tim Cook worked in the business of personal computers of IBM where he also served as the Chief Operating Officer of the reseller department of Intelligent Electronics in the later stages. He also worked in Compaq for a short stint of six months. Since 1998, Tim Cook held important positions in the post of senior vice-president for worldwide operations. In his path of advancement to the post of CEO, Tim Cook has worked as Executive Vice President in the department of worldwide sales of the company. Tim Cook was then appointed as the Chief Operating Officer before he was finally appointed as the CEO of the company in the year of 2011. Tim Cook joined Apple Inc. in 1998 when the company started to transform itself into an electronics and software giant under the inspirational leadership and passion of Steve Jobs. Time Cook who already had a long stint with IBM in the personal computers section had rich experience of running the worldwide operations of a